Like just about every matter in mom mother nature, magic mushrooms are problem to the effects of their bordering environment. These variables (what Paul Stamets calls &ldquoa constellation of matters&rdquo 1) include temperature, soil disorders, humidity, competitiveness for usually means, and the effect of problems and predators. Versions in 1 unique or substantially extra variables impact wherever magic mushrooms develop, when, how perfectly, and the compounds they include as appropriately as the quantities of them.
The Compounds in Magic Mushrooms
Magic mushrooms contain a cocktail of compounds, some of which end result in psychoactive results in human beings. Some of the regarded compounds in magic mushrooms are psilocybin, psilocin, norpsilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin. Also, distinct elements of a mushroom can have a variety of portions of compounds. For occasion, a single assessment observed the maximum volume of psilocybinin the caps of Panaeolus subalteatus as opposed to the peace of the fruiting complete human body.two
Variability in the Chemical Composition of Wild and Cultivated Magic Mushrooms
Many exploration on wild magic mushrooms have found the considerable variability in the compounds they have. These variants are discovered not just from species to species but from batch to batch in a species. Also, studies are shedding gentle on how controlling growing disorders influences the selection and type of lively compounds in cultivated magic mushrooms.
Wild Magic Mushrooms
In 1982, scientists Bigwood and Beug famous a tenfold variation in the psilocybin content of Psilocybe cubensis collected in the wild.3 Another exploration analyzed fifty two samples of wild Psilocybe semilanceata collected in Switzerland about 5 many many years. The psilocin content diversified from .21 to two.02% and baeocystin from .05 to .seventy seven%.four Traces of psilocin were also present. The scientists founded that variability depended on the age of the mushrooms, their dimension, and the portion of the fruiting system they examined. A review by Gartz observed the psilocybin content of dried Psilocybe semilanceata varied from .19 to a single.34%.five The mushrooms with the lowest mass had the greatest concentrate of psilocybin.
In 1988, Gartz noticed aeruginascin in ten fruiting bodies of Inocybe aeruginascens.6 He also pointed out a correlation concerning the total of psilocybin, baeocystin, and aeruginascin in the fruiting bodies. Jensen et al. researched aeruginascin from I. aeruginascens collected in Potsdam, Germany.7 The mushrooms contained many amounts of psilocybin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin.
 
The desk beneath reveals details on the elements in other magic mushrooms.
Desk just one: Components in several species of dried Psilocybe mushrooms. Taken from the Paul Stamets book Psilocybin Mushrooms of the Earth.
|   | P.c by Overall body bodyweight of Dried Mushroom Merchandise |   | ||
| Species | Psilocybin | Psilocin | Baeocystin | References |
| P. azurescens | just one.78 | .38 | .35 | 8 |
| P. bohemica | one particular.34 | .eleven | .02 | nine, 10 |
| P. baeocystis | .eighty five | .fifty nine | .10 | eleven, 12 |
| P. tampanensis | .sixty eight | .32 | n/a | 10 |
| P. hoogshagenii | .60 | .10 | n/a | 13 |
| P. stuntzii | .36 | .12 | .02 | eleven, twelve |
Cultivated Magic Mushrooms
Bigwood and Beug observed a fourfold variance in psilocybin content in Psilocybe cubensis grown on rye grain.3Their function also uncovered significant findings relating to the amounts of psilocybin and psilocin in successive flushes (but an additional phrase for the fruiting or harvesting periods) of cultivated P. cubensis. In ordinary, there was no psilocin in the to start off with and typically the next flush. read this post here of psilocinreached a utmost by the fourth flush. The stage of psilocybin showed no upward or downward improvement over the program of a number of flushes. Even so, it was variable by additional than a variable of 4 as fruiting progressed. Normal, the amount of psilocybin was just about often two times that of psilocin.
In 1989, Gartz uncovered that expanding the tryptamine concentration in a cow dung-rice developing medium increased psilocin content in Psilocybe cubensis from .09% to 3.three% of the dried mushroom surplus excess weight.fourteen Also, earning use of larger-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and skinny-layer chromatography (TLC), Gartz learned that the mushrooms produced on the tryptamine-enriched mixture contained only a tiny sum of money of psilocybin (.01 &ndash .two%).
The Synergy of Compounds in Magic Mushrooms &ndash Limitless Prospective for New Conclusions
At the instant, scientists don&rsquot understand (and are not discovering out) how the compounds in magic mushrooms interact with just about each individual other and with serotonin receptors in the mind, significantly five-HT2A. It&rsquos feasible that allosteric modulation plays a component in the in general entourage outcome.
 
The professional medical trials at current turning into carried out by COMPASS Pathways are employing pure psilocybin in psilocybin-assisted remedy for depression. By by yourself, psilocybin causes distinct effects that it would in the presence of the other compounds ingested when consuming magic mushrooms. Proof for this lies in the anecdotal ordeals (like all all those on Erowid and BlueLight) of potential buyers reporting a variety of outcomes from ingesting distinct species of magic mushrooms. Some of these consequences are regarded as superior or appealing this kind of as feelings of euphoria and astounding visualizations. Other good results are substantially considerably less interesting these kinds of as muscle weak place and paralysis.
No 1 understands how psilocybin-assisted therapy could improve if experts experienced a greater expertise of the conversation concerning all of the components in magic mushrooms. That&rsquos not to say the scientific trials are not credible or vital. What requires to be understood is that psilocybinis not the only energetic ingredient or prodrug in magic mushrooms. Investigation in this location specifications to choose a action back and attain a deeper comprehension of the chemistry of magic mushrooms.
Summary
There are plenty of variables managing the type and total of compounds discovered in magic mushrooms. As a conclusion result, these mushrooms have appreciable variability in the focus and kinds of substances they comprise. The restricted scientific scientific studies carried out so considerably rarely scratch the surface area of being familiar with.
Feeding on magic mushrooms unleashes a chemical cocktail of probably psychoactive parts into the bloodstream, ensuing in extremely distinctive penalties than ingesting pure psilocybin. Recognition of this principle in the scientific nearby community is vital, adopted by conducting a lot additional investigation into comprehension the specified consequences and interactions of magic mushroom components.
